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Case Series
Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Malaysian case series
1 Medical Officer, Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia
2 Hepatobiliary Surgeon, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia
3 Consultant Surgeon, General Surgery, Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia
Address correspondence to:
Ming Rhee Chai
81, Jalan Mawar, Taman Tan Leng Ann, 85000 Segamat, Johor,
Malaysia
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Article ID: 100099Z04MC2022
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Chai MR, Sankaran P, Yap LM. Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Malaysian case series. Int J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis 2022;12(2):1–4.ABSTRACT
Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy which arises from hepatocytes. It is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020. It predominantly metastasizes via the hematogenous route. However, there are possibility of distant metastasis via the lymphatic and bone dissemination in a few of HCC cases.
Case Series: We report two atypical cases of HCC with distant metastasis to cervical lymph node and bone in Malaysia. The first case reported is a HCC case of extrahepatic metastasis to cervical lymph node and the second case is a HCC case of extrahepatic metastasis to right femur.
Conclusion: The patients with atypical site of distant metastasis from HCC have poor prognosis. Overall physical examination should be done to prevent overlook for all the patients with HCC.
Keywords: Bone metastasis, Cervical lymph node metastasis, Extrahepatic metastasis, Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Mahfida Mahat and Dr. Diyana, Anatomic Pathologists from Department of Pathology of Hospital Melaka for providing the laboratory images.
Author ContributionsMing Rhee Chai - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Drafting the work, Revising the work critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Padmaan Sankaran - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Drafting the work, Revising the work critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Lee Ming Yap - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Revising the work critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Guarantor of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2022 Ming Rhee Chai et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
